این وبلاگ اصلی آموزشگاه زبانسرا پاکدشت است.

:: موضوعات مرتبط: ، American. File. 4. A، American. File. 4. B، American. File. 4. C، American. File. 4. D، American. File. 4. E، American. File. 4. F، American. File. 4. G، Vocabulary، ،

‘Television is doing irreparable harm’

‘Yes, but what did we use to do before there was television?’ How often we hear statements like this! Television hasn’t been with us all that long, but we are already beginning to forget what the world was like without it. Before we admitted the one-eyed monster into our homes, we never found 5 it difficult to occupy our spare time. We used to enjoy civilized pleasures. For instance, we used to have hobbies, we used to entertain our friends and be entertained by them, we used to go outside for our amusements to theatres, cinemas, restaurants and sporting events. We even used to read books and listen to music and broadcast talks occasionally. All that belongs 10 to the past. Now all our free time is regulated by the ‘goggle box’. We rush home or gulp down our meals to be in time for this or that programme. We have even given up sitting at table and having a leisurely evening meal, exchanging the news of the day. A sandwich and a glass of beer will do — anything, providing it doesn’t interfere with the programme. The monster 15 demands and obtains absolute silence and attention. If any member of the family dares to open his mouth during a programme, he is quickly silenced.

Whole generations are growing up addicted to the telly. food is left uneaten, homework

undone and sleep is lost. The telly is a universal pacifier. It is now standard practice for

mother to keep the children quiet

20 by putting them in the living-room and turning on the set. It doesn’t matter that the children

will watch rubbishy commercials or spectacles of sadism and violence — so long as they

are quiet.

There is a limit to the amount of creative talent available in the world. Every day, television consumes vast quantities of creative work. That is 25 why most of the programmes are so bad: it is impossible to keep pace with the demand and maintain high standards as well. When millions watch the same programmes, the whole world becomes a village, and society is reduced to the conditions which obtain in pre-literate communities. We become utterly dependent on the two most primitive media of communi 30 cation: pictures and the spoken word.

Television  encourages  passive  enjoyment.  We  become  content   with  second—hand experiences. It is so easy to sit in our armchairs watching others working. Little by little, television cuts us off from the real world. We get so lazy, we choose to spend a fine day in semi-darkness, glued to 35 our sets, rather than go out into the world itself. Television may be a splendid medium of communication, but it prevents us from communicating with each other. We only become aware how totally irrelevant television is to real living when we spend a holiday by the sea or in the mountains, far away from civilization. In quiet, natural surroundings, we 40 quickly discover how little we miss the hypnotic tyranny of King Telly.

:: موضوعات مرتبط: Topics، Speaking، American. File. 3. A، American. File. 3. B، American. File. 3. C، American. File. 3. D، American. File. 3. E، American. File. 4. A، American. File. 4. B، American. File. 4. C، American. File. 4. D، American. File. 4. E، American. File. 4. F، American. File. 4. G، Ready For FCE، FCE Result، Ready For CAE، CAE Result، IELTS، ،

 

If you smoke and you still don’t believe that there’s a definite link between smoking and bronchial troubles, heart disease and lung cancer, then you are certainly deceiving yourself. No one will accuse you of hypocrisy. Let us just say that you are suffering from a bad case of wishful thinking.

     This needn’t make you too uncomfortable because you are in good company. Whenever the subject of smoking and health is raised, the governments of most countries hear no evil, see no evil and smell no evil. Admittedly, a few governments have taken timid measures. In Britain, for instance, cigarette advertising has been banned on television. The

   conscience of the nation is appeased, while the population continues to puff its way to smoky, cancerous death.

You don’t have to look very far to find out why the official reactions to medical findings have been so luke-warm. The answer is simply money. Tobacco is a wonderful commodity to tax. It’s almost like a tax on our

   daily bread. In tax revenue alone, the government of Britain collects enough from smokers to pay for its entire educational facilities. So while the authorities point out ever so discreetly that smoking may, conceivably, be harmful, it doesn’t do to shout too loudly about it.

This is surely the most short-sighted policy you could imagine. While 20 money is eagerly collected in vast sums with one hand, it is paid out in

increasingly vaster sums with the other. Enormous amounts are spent on cancer research and on efforts to cure people suffering from the disease. Countless valuable lives are lost. In the long run, there is no doubt that everybody would be much better-off if smoking were banned altogether.

  Of course, we are not ready for such drastic action. But if the governments of the world were honestly concerned about the welfare of their peoples, you’d think they’d conduct aggressive anti-smoking campaigns. Far from it! The tobacco industry is allowed to spend staggering sums on advertising. Its advertising is as insidious as it is dishonest. We are never

  shown pictures of real smokers coughing up their lungs early in the morning. That would never do. The advertisements always depict virile, clean-shaven young men. They suggest it is manly to smoke, even positively healthy! Smoking is associated with the great open-air life, with beautiful girls, true love and togetherness. What utter nonsense!

   For a start, governments could begin by banning all cigarette and tobacco advertising and should then conduct anti-smoking advertising campaigns of their own. Smoking should be banned in all public places like theatres, cinemas and restaurants. Great efforts should be made to inform young people especially of the dire consequences of taking up the

   habit. A horrific warning — say, a picture of a death’s head — should be included in every packet of cigarettes that is sold. As individuals we are certainly weak, but if governments acted honestly and courageously, they could protect us from ourselves.

:: موضوعات مرتبط: Topics، Speaking، American. File. 2. C، American. File. 2. D، American. File. 3. A، American. File. 3. B، American. File. 3. C، American. File. 3. D، American. File. 3. E، American. File. 4. A، American. File. 4. B، American. File. 4. C، American. File. 4. D، American. File. 4. E، American. File. 4. F، American. File. 4. G، Ready For FCE، FCE Result، Ready For CAE، CAE Result، ،

‘It’s high time men ceased to regard women as second-class citizens’

    This is supposed to be an enlightened age, but you wouldn’t think so if you could hear what the average man thinks of the average woman. Women won their independence years ago. After a long, bitter struggle, they now enjoy the same educational opportunities as men in most parts of ‘the world. They have proved repeatedly that they are equal and often superior to men in almost every field. The hard-fought battle for recognition has been won, but it is by no means over. It is men, not women who still carry on the sex war because their attitude remains basically hostile. Even in the most progressive societies, women continue to be regarded as second-rate citizens. To hear some men talk, you’d think that women belonged to a different species!

On the surface, the comments made by men about women’s abilities seem light-hearted. The same tired jokes about women drivers are repeated day in, day out. This apparent light-heartedness does not conceal the real contempt that men feel for women. However much men sneer at women, their claims to superiority are not borne out by statistics. Let’s consider the matter of driving, for instance. We all know that women cause far fewer accidents than men. They are too conscientious and responsible to drive like maniacs. But this is a minor quibble. Women have succeeded in any job you care to name. As politicians, soldiers, doctors, factory-hands, university professors, farmers, company directors, lawyers, bus-conductors, scientists and presidents of countries they have often put men to shame. And we must remember that they frequently succeed brilliantly in all these fields in addition to bearing and rearing children. Yet men go on maintaining the fiction that there are many jobs women can’t do. Top-level political negotiation between countries, business and banking are almost entirely controlled by men, who jealously guard their so-called ‘rights’. Even in otherwise enlightened places like Switzerland women haven’t even been given the vote. This situation is preposterous! The arguments that men put forward to exclude women from these fields are all too familiar. Women, they say, are unreliable and irrational. They depend too little on cool reasoning and too much on intuition and instinct to arrive at decisions. They are not even capable of thinking clearly. Yet when women prove their abilities, men refuse to acknowledge them and give them their due. So much for a man’s ability to think clearly!

The truth is that men cling to their supremacy because of their basic inferiority complex. They shun real competition. They know in their hearts that women are superior and they are afraid of being beaten at their own game. One of the most important tasks in the world is to achieve peace between the nations. You can be sure that if women were allowed to sit round the conference table, they would succeed brilliantly, as they always do, where men have failed for centuries. Some things are too important to be left to men!

:: موضوعات مرتبط: Speaking، American. File. 4. B، American. File. 4. C، American. File. 4. D، American. File. 4. E، American. File. 4. F، American. File. 4. G، Ready For FCE، FCE Result، Ready For CAE، CAE Result، IELTS، ،

I’m sorry, I’m late = I’m sorry for being late.

I’m sorry, but I have to miss the next session

I’m sorry I don’t get it

I’m awfully sorry but I haven’t done my homework/assignment.

I’m sorry I’ve left my home work at home

I’m doneè we’re done

We are on page 20

We’ve done the book up to page 15

I was 15 minutes late. Did you mark me absent?

I was 15 minutes late. Are you going to mark me absent?

Will you mark me absent if I’m ten minutes late?

This class doesn’t suit my time.

My English class coincides with my university class

It’s on the tip of my tongue

The bell has gone

The bell hasn’t gone

May I have word with you?

Could you explain it a little more?

Would you mind writing it on the board?

Can I have your idea about my topic?

Should I hand in my paper / homework now?

Shall I read / continue?

What does _______ mean?

What’s _________ called in English?

How do pronounce it?

How do you spell ______?

May I go out?

May I come in?

May I leave the class?

May I go home early?

May I take some water?

Excuse me for being late.

Stand / step aside, please.

Yes, sir

Excuse me sir

Excuse me /Sorry - could you repeat that?

Can you repeat your question?

Pardon me

May I ask you a question?

I have a question!

Nice job/ Good job

I’m sorry sir, I’m not ready, please, don’t ask me.

I’m afraid, sir, I’m not ready yet. Please ask me later.

Got it = understandèYes I / we got it. èI’m sorry I don’t get it.

Repeat after me= pardon me= again

Shall I clean the board? è Hold the phone please

Are you ready / setè yes I’m readyà I’m afraid I’m not ready

Why are you (so) late?

Open up your book to page 20

Turn page over=turn to next page

Learn it by heart=memorize it

Sit up please

Sit properly

I’ll explain it to you later

Read it out loud

What page are we on? We are on age 10

Are you all set/ ready?

Are you done=have you finished?

No talking please.

I want to ask you some question.

Could you repeat it?

I’m sorry, I’m late? = I’m sorry for being late.

I’m, sorry for being absent last session.

What does _______ mean?

What’s _________ called in English?

How do pronounce it?

How do you spell ______?

May I go out?

May I come in?

May I leave the class?

May I go home early?

May I take some water?

Excuse me for being late.

Stand / step aside, please.

Yes, sir

Excuse me sir

Excuse me /Sorry - could you repeat that?

Can you repeat your question?

Pardon me

May I ask you a question?

I have a question!

Nice job/ Good job

I’m sorry sir, I’m not ready, please, don’t ask me.

I’m afraid, sir, I’m not ready yet. Please ask me later.

Got it = understandèYes I / we got it. èI’m sorry I don’t get it.

Repeat after me= pardon me= again

Shall I clean the board? è Hold the phone please

Are you ready / setè yes I’m readyà I’m afraid I’m not ready

Why are you (so) late?

Open up your book to page 20

Turn page over=turn to next page

Learn it by heart=memorize it

Sit up please

Sit properly

I’ll explain it to you later

Read it out loud

What page are we on? We are on age 10

Are you all ser/ ready?

Are you done=have you finished?

No talking please.

I want to ask you some question.

Could you repeat it?

I’m sorry, I’m late? = I’m sorry for being late.

I’m, sorry for being absent last session.

 

:: موضوعات مرتبط: Starter. A، Starter. B، Starter. C، Starter. D، Starter. Conversation، American. File. 1. A، American. File. 1. B، American. File. 1. C، American. File. 1. D، American. File. 1. Conversation، American. File. 2. A، American. File. 2. B، American. File. 2. C، American. File. 2. D، American. File. 2. Conversation، American. File. 3. A، American. File. 3. B، American. File. 3. C، American. File. 3. D، American. File. 3. E، American. File. 4. A، ،